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Claim Case Studies & Legislation: Kidanemariam v. Toronto City

A pedestrian was walking down a busy sidewalk when she tripped on a discontinuity. She sued the City claiming...

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Claim Case Study A Patch of Black Ice

February 8th started out as a typical Tuesday morning for the plaintiff. She woke up her 8 year old daughter,...

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Encroachments in the Area Adjacent to a Sidewalk

In May of 2018, Ontario Regulations 239/02 Minimum Maintenance Standards for Municipal Highways (MMS) was amen...

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Sidewalk Inspection Procedures

According to sections 16.1(1) and 16.2(1) of Ontario Regulation 239/02 Minimum Maintenance Standards for Munic...

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Winter Sidewalk Maintenance

A municipality has a duty to keep their sidewalks in reasonably safe conditions for pedestrians who are using...

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